Seventy-eight practices, ranked honestly

Every season in six volumes, scored on what it costs you, how well the record supports it, and how far the version being sold runs ahead of the record.

Wren · a Goodness publication

Every volume of the books carries an evidence matrix as an appendix, one row per season, three scales from 1 to 4. This page is all six of them at once: seventy-eight rows, in the order the seasons were published. What it refuses to rate is effectiveness, and the matrices say why. A grid announcing that one of these is highly effective would throw away every limit in the books in a single image, and it would be the image that travelled without the argument attached. Friction and evidence can be argued from the record. Effectiveness cannot, by me or by anyone else being straight with you.

The wording of the three scales below is the Volume Six version, which is the most recent. The definitions were carried across all six volumes on purpose, so the tables can be read against each other. One thing did change: Volume Four widened the second column to the practice the season leaves behind, because several of its seasons are about an affliction, a belief, a diagram or a market rather than about a practice, and the row has to name the thing a reader could actually do or decline to do. Volumes Five and Six kept the wider definition. Volumes One, Two and Three call the same column the practice.

The three scales

Friction

what it costs you to actually do this, not in theory but in an ordinary week

  1. Very low. No equipment, no time block, no privacy. Fits in the gaps of a day you were having anyway
  2. Low. A few minutes and minimal setup. You have to decide to do it
  3. Moderate. Needs a slot, or privacy, or a professional, or specific conditions, or a bar and a room
  4. High. Years of effort, or a teacher or facility or budget, before it pays

Strength of evidence

how well the record supports the core claim, which is not the same as the grandest claim

  1. Thin. First-person report and tradition. No controlled work, or the core cannot be studied
  2. Suggestive. Small studies, indirect evidence, or a plausible mechanism without direct trials
  3. Moderate. A real literature with measured effects that are modest, inconsistent, or contested in scope
  4. Strong. Replicated findings with a described mechanism, holding across decades or independent groups

The gap

how far the version in circulation runs ahead of the version the record supports

  1. Small. What is claimed is roughly what is supported
  2. Moderate. Some inflation, mostly harmless
  3. Large. The popular version promises things the record does not support
  4. Extreme. The claim is unfalsifiable, invented, or has hurt people
The gap 1 Small 2 Moderate 3 Large 4 Extreme

The table

78 rows. Tap any column heading to sort the whole table across volumes. Tap Vol again to put it back in volume order. On a narrow screen the practice line sits under the season name.
Vol # Season The practice FrictionFric EvidenceEvid Gap
Volume Oneseventeen seasons
11BreathVolume 1 · Slow to about six breaths a minuteSlow to about six breaths a minute143
12Deep RestVolume 1 · Be walked through the body, lying downBe walked through the body, lying down333
13Signals from SleepVolume 1 · Journal, spot dream signs, reality test, rehearseJournal, spot dream signs, reality test, rehearse442
14The Beat in the BrainVolume 1 · Sit with a steady tone in headphonesSit with a steady tone in headphones124
15Letting GoVolume 1 · Welcome the feeling, then ask whether you could release itWelcome the feeling, then ask whether you could release it233
16The BenchVolume 1 · The plain daily sit, with a map for the boring middleThe plain daily sit, with a map for the boring middle432
17Taming AttentionVolume 1 · One object, notice the wander, return. RepeatOne object, notice the wander, return. Repeat442
18Looking Back at the LookerVolume 1 · Point at where your own face is and report what you seePoint at where your own face is and report what you see113
19The NameVolume 1 · Repeat one short sound, let beads keep the countRepeat one short sound, let beads keep the count233
110The Waking DreamVolume 1 · Let an image arise, stay present with it, write it downLet an image arise, stay present with it, write it down343
111The Body Knew FirstVolume 1 · Turn toward the unworded bodily sense and wait for a wordTurn toward the unworded bodily sense and wait for a word341
112Short Moments, Many TimesVolume 1 · Rest in bare awareness, briefly, oftenRest in bare awareness, briefly, often413
113Staring at the FlameVolume 1 · Soft gaze at a candle, then rest on the afterglowSoft gaze at a candle, then rest on the afterglow223
114Cosmic ConsciousnessVolume 1 · Stand in front of something vast and lookStand in front of something vast and look242
115Aimed FeelingVolume 1 · Picture what you want, with honest eyes and real actionPicture what you want, with honest eyes and real action134
116The Book of ChangesVolume 1 · Bring a stuck question, throw, read your own reactionBring a stuck question, throw, read your own reaction224
117The CircleVolume 1 · Draw a centre and grow a form outward from itDraw a centre and grow a form outward from it133
Volume Two: Movementtwelve seasons
21The Work of BreathVolume 2 · Stand up, breathe out slowly, move deliberatelyStand up, breathe out slowly, move deliberately234
22Standing Like a TreeVolume 2 · Hold one difficult posture, return when attention leavesHold one difficult posture, return when attention leaves323
23The Waist LeadsVolume 2 · Move slowly through a form, let it come from the middleMove slowly through a form, let it come from the middle443
24The Barefoot ArgumentVolume 2 · Strengthen the feet, unshod slowly, tissue sets the scheduleStrengthen the feet, unshod slowly, tissue sets the schedule434
25The Hardest Simple ThingVolume 2 · Hold earned positions, meet the criterion before advancingHold earned positions, meet the criterion before advancing413
26The ShockVolume 2 · Lift heavy, rest by the clock, then jumpLift heavy, rest by the clock, then jump443
27Ten SecondsVolume 2 · Get strong first, then learn to hit the ground harderGet strong first, then learn to hit the ground harder443
28Falling ForwardVolume 2 · Shorter steps, more of them, foot landing underneath youShorter steps, more of them, foot landing underneath you224
29The RopeVolume 2 · Swing a weighted rope in patterns, feet on the groundSwing a weighted rope in patterns, feet on the ground213
210Seven WordsVolume 2 · Cover all seven patterns, notice which ones you avoidCover all seven patterns, notice which ones you avoid123
211Slow Motion, Frame by FrameVolume 2 · Film yourself moving, then load the back chainFilm yourself moving, then load the back chain233
212Nothing Should HurtVolume 2 · Make the movement smaller until you can feel itMake the movement smaller until you can feel it324
Volume Three: Healththirteen seasons
31LightVolume 3 · Go outside within an hour of waking, and let evening be darkGo outside within an hour of waking, and let evening be dark241
32EarthVolume 3 · Walk barefoot early, outside, on uneven groundWalk barefoot early, outside, on uneven ground223
33ColdVolume 3 · End the shower with thirty to sixty cold secondsEnd the shower with thirty to sixty cold seconds224
34HeatVolume 3 · Sit in the heat until you want to leaveSit in the heat until you want to leave433
35WaterVolume 3 · Drink when you are thirsty and salt your foodDrink when you are thirsty and salt your food144
36FuelVolume 3 · Protein at breakfast, stop eating early, morning lightProtein at breakfast, stop eating early, morning light223
37FastVolume 3 · Eat inside a set window and close the kitchen after dinnerEat inside a set window and close the kitchen after dinner233
38StackVolume 3 · Take nothing unless a measurement shows you are shortTake nothing unless a measurement shows you are short244
39RestVolume 3 · Fix your wake time seven days a weekFix your wake time seven days a week233
310GutVolume 3 · Eat more fiber, and thirty different plants a weekEat more fiber, and thirty different plants a week233
311BreathVolume 3 · Slow to about six breaths a minute, through the noseSlow to about six breaths a minute, through the nose133
312TableVolume 3 · Protein, fiber, food that was cooked, and one you can keepProtein, fiber, food that was cooked, and one you can keep243
313WalkVolume 3 · Walk most days, and stop counting to ten thousandWalk most days, and stop counting to ten thousand134
Volume Four: Performancetwelve seasons
41ZoneVolume 4 · Build the conditions: matched challenge, clear goals, fast feedback, then waitBuild the conditions: matched challenge, clear goals, fast feedback, then wait232
42The False StartVolume 4 · Treat sport psychology as a craft with a history, and hire it knowinglyTreat sport psychology as a craft with a history, and hire it knowingly332
43The PictureVolume 4 · Rehearse the skill in your head, at a fraction of practice's valueRehearse the skill in your head, at a fraction of practice's value233
44The VoiceVolume 4 · One instructional cue per skill, chosen and practiced in advanceOne instructional cue per skill, chosen and practiced in advance133
45The YipsVolume 4 · Learn with fewer rules, and never narrate a grooved skill under stakesLearn with fewer rules, and never narrate a grooved skill under stakes244
46The RitualsVolume 4 · A short fixed sequence before every self-paced skillA short fixed sequence before every self-paced skill142
47The Hot HandVolume 4 · Respect the streak, and bet on it like weather, not like a contractRespect the streak, and bet on it like weather, not like a contract133
48The CurveVolume 4 · Find your own zone with a notebook, not the textbook's diagramFind your own zone with a notebook, not the textbook's diagram234
49The ChemistryVolume 4 · Sustained moderate cardio, half an hour and up, for the state itselfSustained moderate cardio, half an hour and up, for the state itself233
410Ten Thousand HoursVolume 4 · Deliberate practice: designed, coached, uncomfortable, and scheduledDeliberate practice: designed, coached, uncomfortable, and scheduled444
411The ImprovisersVolume 4 · Improvise regularly, as training for unwatched executionImprovise regularly, as training for unwatched execution223
412The IndustryVolume 4 · Buying flow training priced on a multiplierBuying flow training priced on a multiplier414
Volume Five: Strengthtwelve seasons
51The Calf and the BullVolume 5 · Progressive resistance: load raised as measured capacity rises, on a chartProgressive resistance: load raised as measured capacity rises, on a chart343
52The MeatVolume 5 · Enough protein from food, about 1.6 g/kg a day, and stop at enoughEnough protein from food, about 1.6 g/kg a day, and stop at enough243
53The GripVolume 5 · Take the squeeze as a reading; train the whole body it readsTake the squeeze as a reading; train the whole body it reads144
54Samson's ChainsVolume 5 · Isometric holds for the painful joint, the sticking point, the empty roomIsometric holds for the painful joint, the sticking point, the empty room134
55The NonagenariansVolume 5 · Progressive resistance at any age, with a clinician where the body is frailProgressive resistance at any age, with a clinician where the body is frail342
56The PumpVolume 5 · Sets carried near the end, in whatever range you can standSets carried near the end, in whatever range you can stand233
57The StretchVolume 5 · Warm up by moving; stretch for range, apart from the effortWarm up by moving; stretch for range, apart from the effort133
58The GiryaVolume 5 · A bell for the back of the body, beside the barbell and the roadA bell for the back of the body, beside the barbell and the road223
59The Soldier's LoadVolume 5 · Walking with a moderate load, well under the army's ceilingWalking with a moderate load, well under the army's ceiling233
510The StrongwomanVolume 5 · The same program, for everyoneThe same program, for everyone344
511The PeakVolume 5 · A simple plan that raises load and manages fatigueA simple plan that raises load and manages fatigue233
512The StonesVolume 5 · Lift a stone, in front of someone, with the cost understoodLift a stone, in front of someone, with the cost understood311
Volume Six: Mindtwelve seasons
61The GridVolume 6 · The triads, and the computed page read as a portrait of your own wordsThe triads, and the computed page read as a portrait of your own words223
62The ColumnsVolume 6 · A physical evening record of one named behavior at a timeA physical evening record of one named behavior at a time232
63The Word ListVolume 6 · A hundred words, the slow ones written down and kept as questionsA hundred words, the slow ones written down and kept as questions224
64Four DaysVolume 6 · Fifteen to twenty minutes on three or four consecutive days, for the wellFifteen to twenty minutes on three or four consecutive days, for the well243
65The TasksVolume 6 · The first memory dated, a week of acting as if, one task handed backThe first memory dated, a week of acting as if, one task handed back114
66The Four ColumnsVolume 6 · Wants, doing, self-evaluation, plan, one row a day, for the stuckWants, doing, self-evaluation, plan, one row a day, for the stuck224
67AloneVolume 6 · Write without a reader, wait, re-read for the flinch, stop when the reader turns meanWrite without a reader, wait, re-read for the flinch, stop when the reader turns mean222
68The FieldVolume 6 · List what is restraining before you push, and decide out loud in a groupList what is restraining before you push, and decide out loud in a group123
69WorseVolume 6 · Try to stay awake, for the fear of not sleeping, with a one-line morning logTry to stay awake, for the fear of not sleeping, with a one-line morning log133
610The MannerVolume 6 · One line a day on how a thing was said, not whatOne line a day on how a thing was said, not what114
611The BracketVolume 6 · Ask what came first and never why; describe one moment, do not explain itAsk what came first and never why; describe one moment, do not explain it213
612The BasementVolume 6 · The eight-week course as specified, with the adverse-effects screen read firstThe eight-week course as specified, with the adverse-effects screen read first333

What this table is not

These numbers are one reader's judgment, mine, applied to chapters I wrote myself, on scales I invented. There is no second rater behind them and no check that a second rater would agree. They are ordinal, which means a 4 is more than a 3 and nothing about how much more, and adding them across rows would be the mistake these books spend seventy-eight seasons describing. They are a way of putting seventy-eight findings on one page in a consistent order, which is worth something, and they are not a measurement, which is worth saying.

Friction is personal and I have guessed at yours. Evidence is scored against the core claim rather than the grandest one, because rating the grandest promise puts everything at the bottom and tells you nothing. The gap column scores inflation, not side effects, and a large gap is not a verdict that the practice is worthless: it is usually the sign that somebody found something real and then could not stop talking.

Where a season has a page on this site, the season name links to it. Where it does not, the name is plain. The reasoning behind every score is in the book, one argued paragraph per row.